372 research outputs found
Efficient duration modelling in the hierarchical hidden semi-Markov models and their applications
Modeling patterns in temporal data has arisen as an important problem in engineering and science. This has led to the popularity of several dynamic models, in particular the renowned hidden Markov model (HMM) [Rabiner, 1989]. Despite its widespread success in many cases, the standard HMM often fails to model more complex data whose elements are correlated hierarchically or over a long period. Such problems are, however, frequently encountered in practice. Existing efforts to overcome this weakness often address either one of these two aspects separately, mainly due to computational intractability. Motivated by this modeling challenge in many real world problems, in particular, for video surveillance and segmentation, this thesis aims to develop tractable probabilistic models that can jointly model duration and hierarchical information in a unified framework. We believe that jointly exploiting statistical strength from both properties will lead to more accurate and robust models for the needed task. To tackle the modeling aspect, we base our work on an intersection between dynamic graphical models and statistics of lifetime modeling. Realizing that the key bottleneck found in the existing works lies in the choice of the distribution for a state, we have successfully integrated the discrete Coxian distribution [Cox, 1955], a special class of phase-type distributions, into the HMM to form a novel and powerful stochastic model termed as the Coxian Hidden Semi-Markov Model (CxHSMM). We show that this model can still be expressed as a dynamic Bayesian network, and inference and learning can be derived analytically.Most importantly, it has four superior features over existing semi-Markov modelling: the parameter space is compact, computation is fast (almost the same as the HMM), close-formed estimation can be derived, and the Coxian is flexible enough to approximate a large class of distributions. Next, we exploit hierarchical decomposition in the data by borrowing analogy from the hierarchical hidden Markov model in [Fine et al., 1998, Bui et al., 2004] and introduce a new type of shallow structured graphical model that combines both duration and hierarchical modelling into a unified framework, termed the Coxian Switching Hidden Semi-Markov Models (CxSHSMM). The top layer is a Markov sequence of switching variables, while the bottom layer is a sequence of concatenated CxHSMMs whose parameters are determined by the switching variable at the top. Again, we provide a thorough analysis along with inference and learning machinery. We also show that semi-Markov models with arbitrary depth structure can easily be developed. In all cases we further address two practical issues: missing observations to unstable tracking and the use of partially labelled data to improve training accuracy. Motivated by real-world problems, our application contribution is a framework to recognize complex activities of daily livings (ADLs) and detect anomalies to provide better intelligent caring services for the elderly.Coarser activities with self duration distributions are represented using the CxHSMM. Complex activities are made of a sequence of coarser activities and represented at the top level in the CxSHSMM. Intensive experiments are conducted to evaluate our solutions against existing methods. In many cases, the superiority of the joint modeling and the Coxian parameterization over traditional methods is confirmed. The robustness of our proposed models is further demonstrated in a series of more challenging experiments, in which the tracking is often lost and activities considerably overlap. Our final contribution is an application of the switching Coxian model to segment education-oriented videos into coherent topical units. Our results again demonstrate such segmentation processes can benefit greatly from the joint modeling of duration and hierarchy
An Algorithm for Mining High Utility Sequential Patterns with Time Interval
Mining High Utility Sequential Patterns (HUSP) is an emerging topic in data mining which attracts many researchers. The HUSP mining algorithms can extract sequential patterns having high utility (importance) in a quantitative sequence database. In real world applications, the time intervals between elements are also very important. However, recent HUSP mining algorithms cannot extract sequential patterns with time intervals between elements. Thus, in this paper, we propose an algorithm for mining high utility sequential patterns with the time interval problem. We consider not only sequential patterns' utilities, but also their time intervals. The sequence weight utility value is used to ensure the important downward closure property. Besides that, we use four time constraints for dealing with time interval in the sequence to extract more meaningful patterns. Experimental results show that our proposed method is efficient and effective in mining high utility sequential pattern with time intervals
Mapping for engagement: setting up a community based participatory research project to reach underserved communities at risk for Hepatitis C in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Background: Approximately 1. 07 million people in Vietnam are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). To address this epidemic, the South East Asian Research Collaborative in Hepatitis (SEARCH) launched a 600-patient cohort study and two clinical trials, both investigating shortened treatment strategies for chronic HCV infection with direct-acting antiviral drugs. We conducted ethnographic research with a subset of trial participants and found that the majority were aware of HCV infection and its implications and were motivated to seek treatment. However, people who inject drugs (PWID), and other groups at risk for HCV were under-represented, although injecting drug use is associated with high rates of HCV. Material and Methods: We designed a community-based participatory research (CBPR) study to engage in dialogues surrounding HCV and other community-prioritized health issues with underserved groups at risk for HCV in Ho Chi Minh City. The project consists of three phases: situation analysis, CBPR implementation, and dissemination. In this paper, we describe the results of the first phase (i.e., the situation analysis) in which we conducted desk research and organized stakeholder mapping meetings with representatives from local non-government and community-based organizations where we used participatory research methods to identify and analyze key stakeholders working with underserved populations. Results: Twenty six institutions or groups working with the key underserved populations were identified. Insights about the challenges and dynamics of underserved communities were also gathered. Two working groups made up of representatives from the NGO and CBO level were formed. Discussion: Using the information provided by local key stakeholders to shape the project has helped us to build solid relationships, give the groups a sense of ownership from the early stages, and made the project more context specific. These steps are not only important preliminary steps for participatory studies but also for other research that takes place within the communities
ĐŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” пДŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ° Đž ŃŃбŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ Đ±Đ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐżĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐžŃ ŃŃДЎО ŃŃŃĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐŸĐČ ĐșĐŸĐ»Đ»Đ”ĐŽĐ¶Đ°: ŃŃŃĐ°ŃДгОО ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃŃŃĐ”ŃŃĐ° ĐșĐ°Đș ĐżĐŸŃŃĐ”ĐŽĐœĐžĐșĐ°
Introduction. Previous studies pointed out that there is an important relationship between personality factors and an individualâs well-being. Aim. This study aims to investigate the relationships between adaptive/maladaptive perfection and subject well-being among college students. Besides, positive/avoidance stress coping strategies are used as a mediator in the relationship between adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism and subject well-being. Methodology and research methods. This study used a quantitative research method to investigate a population of college students. Questionnaires were also delivered to 350 students in colleges in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The authors used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) via AMOS to test all the hypotheses. Results. The findings show that (1) adaptive perfectionism can positively predict subjective wellbeing through positive coping strategies and negatively predict subject well-being through avoidance coping strategies; (2) maladaptive perfectionism can negatively predict subjective well-being through positive coping strategies and positively through avoidance coping strategies; (3) adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism can directly predict subject well-being. Scientific novelty. This study gains more insights into the role of stress coping strategies as a mediator in the relationship between adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism and subject well-being among college students. Practical significance. The findings in this study suggest that teachers, mentors, and counsellors should give appropriate counselling to college students to help them obtain good learning development and physical and mental adaptation.ĐĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžĐ”. ĐŃДЎŃĐŽŃŃОД ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐșĐ°Đ·ŃĐČалО ĐœĐ° ŃĐŸ, ŃŃĐŸ ŃŃŃĐ”ŃŃĐČŃĐ”Ń ĐČĐ°Đ¶ĐœĐ°Ń ŃĐČŃĐ·Ń ĐŒĐ”Đ¶ĐŽŃ Đ»ĐžŃĐœĐŸŃŃĐœŃĐŒĐž ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐŸŃĐ°ĐŒĐž Đž Đ±Đ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐżĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐžĐ”ĐŒ ŃĐ”Đ»ĐŸĐČĐ”ĐșĐ°. ЊДлŃ. ĐŃĐ° ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐ° ĐœĐ°ĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐ° ĐœĐ° ОзŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” ĐČĐ·Đ°ĐžĐŒĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž ĐŒĐ”Đ¶ĐŽŃ Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐżŃĐžĐČĐœŃĐŒ/ĐŒĐ°Đ»Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐżŃĐžĐČĐœŃĐŒ пДŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐžĐ·ĐŒĐŸĐŒ Đž ŃŃбŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœŃĐŒ Đ±Đ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐżĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐžĐ”ĐŒ ŃŃДЎО ŃŃŃĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐŸĐČ ĐșĐŸĐ»Đ»Đ”ĐŽĐ¶Đ°. ĐŃĐŸĐŒĐ” ŃĐŸĐłĐŸ, ŃŃŃĐ°ŃДгОО ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐ¶ĐžŃДлŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ/ОзбДгаŃŃĐ”ĐłĐŸ ŃŃŃĐ”ŃŃĐ° ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ŃŃŃŃŃ ĐČ ĐșĐ°ŃĐ”ŃŃĐČĐ” ĐżĐŸŃŃĐ”ĐŽĐœĐžĐșĐ° ĐČ ŃĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ĐœĐœŃŃ
ĐŸŃĐœĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃŃ
. ĐĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃ, ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽŃ Đž ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽĐžĐșĐž. ĐŃĐ» ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°Đœ ĐșĐŸĐ»ĐžŃĐ”ŃŃĐČĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐč ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐžĐ·ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐČŃĐ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž ŃŃŃĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐŸĐČ ĐșĐŸĐ»Đ»Đ”ĐŽĐ¶Đ°. Đ Đ°ĐœĐșĐ”ŃĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐž ĐżŃĐžĐœŃлО ŃŃĐ°ŃŃОД 350 ŃŃŃĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐŸĐČ ĐșĐŸĐ»Đ»Đ”ĐŽĐ¶Đ”Đč ĐČ Đ„ĐŸŃĐžĐŒĐžĐœĐ”, ĐŃĐ”ŃĐœĐ°ĐŒ. ĐĐČŃĐŸŃŃ ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČалО ĐŒĐŸĐŽĐ”Đ»ĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃĐœŃŃ
ŃŃĐ°ĐČĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐč (SEM) ŃĐ”ŃДз AMOS ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐ”ŃĐșĐž ĐČŃĐ”Ń
ĐłĐžĐżĐŸŃДз. РДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ. РДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ŃĐČĐ°ŃŃ, ŃŃĐŸ: 1) Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐżŃĐžĐČĐœŃĐč пДŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐžĐ·ĐŒ ĐŒĐŸĐ¶Đ”Ń ĐżĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐ¶ĐžŃДлŃĐœĐŸ ĐČлОŃŃŃ ĐœĐ° ŃŃбŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸĐ” Đ±Đ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐżĐŸĐ»ŃŃОД Ń ĐżĐŸĐŒĐŸŃŃŃ ĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžŃĐžĐČĐœŃŃ
ŃŃŃĐ°ŃДгОĐč ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐŸŃлДЎŃŃĐČĐžĐč Đž ĐœĐ”ĐłĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸ ĐČлОŃŃŃ ĐœĐ° ŃŃбŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸĐ” Đ±Đ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐżĐŸĐ»ŃŃОД Ń ĐżĐŸĐŒĐŸŃŃŃ ŃŃŃĐ°ŃДгОĐč ĐžĐ·Đ±Đ”ĐłĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐŸŃлДЎŃŃĐČĐžĐč; 2) ĐŒĐ°Đ»Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐżŃĐžĐČĐœŃĐč пДŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐžĐ·ĐŒ ĐŒĐŸĐ¶Đ”Ń ĐœĐ”ĐłĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸ ĐČлОŃŃŃ ĐœĐ° ŃŃбŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸĐ” Đ±Đ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐżĐŸĐ»ŃŃОД ŃĐ”ŃДз ĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžŃĐžĐČĐœŃĐ” ŃŃŃĐ°ŃДгОО ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐŸŃлДЎŃŃĐČĐžĐč Đž ĐżĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐ¶ĐžŃДлŃĐœĐŸ â ŃĐ”ŃДз ŃŃŃĐ°ŃДгОО ĐžĐ·Đ±Đ”ĐłĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐŸŃлДЎŃŃĐČĐžĐč; 3) Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐżŃĐžĐČĐœŃĐč/ĐŒĐ°Đ»Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐżŃĐžĐČĐœŃĐč пДŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐžĐ·ĐŒ ĐŒĐŸĐ¶Đ”Ń ĐœĐ”ĐżĐŸŃŃДЎŃŃĐČĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸ ĐČлОŃŃŃ ĐœĐ° Đ±Đ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐżĐŸĐ»ŃŃОД ŃŃбŃĐ”ĐșŃĐ°. ĐĐ°ŃŃĐœĐ°Ń ĐœĐŸĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°. ĐŃĐŸ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ĐżĐŸĐ·ĐČĐŸĐ»ŃĐ”Ń ĐłĐ»ŃбжД ĐżĐŸĐœŃŃŃ ŃĐŸĐ»Ń ŃŃŃĐ°ŃДгОĐč ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃŃŃĐ”ŃŃĐ° ĐČ ĐșĐ°ŃĐ”ŃŃĐČĐ” ĐżĐŸŃŃĐ”ĐŽĐœĐžĐșĐ° ĐČ ĐŸŃĐœĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃŃ
ĐŒĐ”Đ¶ĐŽŃ Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐżŃĐžĐČĐœŃĐŒ/ĐŒĐ°Đ»Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐżŃĐžĐČĐœŃĐŒ пДŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐŸĐœĐžĐ·ĐŒĐŸĐŒ Đž Đ±Đ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐżĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐžĐ”ĐŒ ŃŃĐ°ŃĐžŃ
ŃŃ ĐșĐŸĐ»Đ»Đ”ĐŽĐ¶Đ”Đč. ĐŃĐ°ĐșŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐ°Ń Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐžĐŒĐŸŃŃŃ. РДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ ŃŃĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ŃĐČĐ°ŃŃ, ŃŃĐŸ ĐżŃĐ”ĐżĐŸĐŽĐ°ĐČĐ°ŃДлО, ĐœĐ°ŃŃĐ°ĐČĐœĐžĐșĐž Đž ĐșĐŸĐœŃŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ĐœŃŃ ĐŽĐŸĐ»Đ¶ĐœŃ ĐŽĐ°ĐČĐ°ŃŃ ŃĐŸĐŸŃĐČĐ”ŃŃŃĐČŃŃŃДД ĐșĐŸĐœŃŃĐ»ŃŃĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ŃŃŃĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐ°ĐŒ ĐșĐŸĐ»Đ»Đ”ĐŽĐ¶Đ°, ŃŃĐŸĐ±Ń ĐżĐŸĐŒĐŸŃŃ ĐžĐŒ ĐżĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐžŃŃ Ń
ĐŸŃĐŸŃДД ĐŸĐ±ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” Đž ŃĐ°Đ·ĐČĐžŃОД, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐșжД ŃОзОŃĐ”ŃĐșŃŃ Đž ĐżŃĐžŃ
ĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșŃŃ Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐżŃĐ°ŃĐžŃ.ĐĐČŃĐŸŃŃ Đ±Đ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ°ŃŃŃ ĐĐŸŃĐŸĐŽŃĐșĐŸĐč ŃĐœĐžĐČĐ”ŃŃĐžŃĐ”Ń ŃĐșĐŸĐœĐŸĐŒĐžĐșĐž Đž ŃĐžĐœĐ°ĐœŃĐŸĐČ Đ„ĐŸŃĐžĐŒĐžĐœĐ° (UEF) Đ·Đ° ŃĐžĐœĐ°ĐœŃĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ĐœĐ°ŃŃĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ.The authors would like to thank Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Finance (UEF) (Vietnam) for funding this work
The CIPAZ study protocol: an open label randomised controlled trial of azithromycin versus ciprofloxacin for the treatment of children hospitalised with dysentery in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Background: Diarrhoeal disease remains a common cause of illness and death in children <5 years of age. Faecal-oral infection by Shigella spp. causing bacillary dysentery is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea, particularly in low and middle-income countries. In Southeast Asia, S. sonnei predominates and infections are frequently resistant to first-line treatment with the fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin. While resistance to all antimicrobials is increasing, there may be theoretical and clinical benefits to prioritizing treatment of bacillary dysentery with the azalide, azithromycin. In this study we aim to measure the efficacy of treatment with azithromycin compared with ciprofloxacin, the current standard of care, for the treatment of children with bacillary dysentery.
Methods and analysis: We will perform a multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled trial of two therapeutic options for the antimicrobial treatment of children hospitalised with dysentery. Children (6â60 months of age) presenting with symptoms and signs of dysentery at Childrenâs Hospital 2 in Ho Chi Minh City will be randomised (1:1) to treatment with either oral ciprofloxacin (15mg/kg/twice daily for 3 days, standard-of-care) or oral azithromycin (10mg/kg/daily for 3 days). The primary endpoint will be the proportion of treatment failure (defined by clinical and microbiological parameters) by day 28 (+3 days) and will be compared between study arms by logistic regression modelling using treatment allocation as the main variable.
Ethics and dissemination: The study protocol (version 1.2 dated 27th December 2018) has been approved by the Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee (47â18) and the ethical review boards of Children's Hospital 2 (1341/NÄ2-CÄT). The study has also been approved by the Vietnamese Ministry of Health (5044/QÄ-BYT).
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03854929 (February 26th 2019)
ĐĐŸĐ±ŃĐŸ ĐżĐŸĐ¶Đ°Đ»ĐŸĐČĐ°ŃŃ ĐœĐ° ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ ĐČ ĐąĐ°ĐčĐČĐ°ĐœĐ”! ĐŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ĐČĐŸĐ·ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ŃŃŃĐŽĐŸŃŃŃŃĐŸĐčŃŃĐČĐ° ĐžĐœĐŸŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐœŃŃ ŃŃŃĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐŸĐČ
Introduction. Employment plays an important role in vocational development. However, not many studies of job search among international students have been reported. Aim. The current study aims to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, behavioural intentions, and perceived discrimination in the field of job search (JS). Methodology and research methods. The authors used Social Cognitive Model of Career Self-management (CSM) as the theoretical background to explain the relationships among the constructs of self-efficacy, behavioural intentions and perceived discrimination in JS. The study was conducted in a Chinese cultural context (Taiwan) with a sample of 301 international students from Southeast Asian countries. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test the model about the relationships between the three variables in the study. Results and scientific novelty. The research findings show that self-efficacy strongly predicts behavioural intentions. Besides, self-efficacy partly mediates the influence of perceived discrimination on behavioural intentions. A quantitative research method was applied to investigate the population of international students, which has not been much reported in previous studies. This indicates that the influence of a contextual factor (e.g. perceived discrimination) on behavioural intentions is direct and indirect through self-efficacy. Practical significance. The research findings can be used by practitioners for enhancing self-efficacy and behavioural intentions as well as helping international students to cope with discrimination in the JS process.ĐĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžĐ”. ĐąŃŃĐŽĐŸŃŃŃŃĐŸĐčŃŃĐČĐŸ ОгŃĐ°Đ”Ń ĐČĐ°Đ¶ĐœŃŃ ŃĐŸĐ»Ń ĐČ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃĐžĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸĐŒ ŃĐ°Đ·ĐČĐžŃОО. ĐĐŽĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸ ĐŸĐżŃблОĐșĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐŸ ĐœĐ” ŃĐ°Đș ĐŒĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐč ĐżĐŸ ĐżĐŸĐžŃĐșŃ ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ ĐžĐœĐŸŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐœŃĐŒĐž ŃŃŃĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐ°ĐŒĐž. ЊДлŃ. ĐĐ°ŃŃĐŸŃŃДД ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ĐœĐ°ĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐŸ ĐœĐ° ОзŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” ĐČĐ·Đ°ĐžĐŒĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž ĐŒĐ”Đ¶ĐŽŃ ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃŃŃ, ĐżĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžĐŒĐž ĐœĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃĐŒĐž Đž ĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐżĐŸĐ»Đ°ĐłĐ°Đ”ĐŒĐŸĐč ĐŽĐžŃĐșŃĐžĐŒĐžĐœĐ°ŃОДĐč ĐČ ĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ°ŃŃĐž ĐżĐŸĐžŃĐșĐ° ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ. ĐĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃ Đž ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽŃ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ. ĐĐČŃĐŸŃŃ ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČалО ŃĐŸŃОалŃĐœĐŸ-ĐșĐŸĐłĐœĐžŃĐžĐČĐœŃŃ ĐŒĐŸĐŽĐ”Đ»Ń ĐșĐ°ŃŃĐ”ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐČ ĐșĐ°ŃĐ”ŃŃĐČĐ” ŃĐ”ĐŸŃĐ”ŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČŃ ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐŸĐ±ŃŃŃĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐČŃĐ·Đ”Đč ĐŒĐ”Đ¶ĐŽŃ ĐșĐŸĐœŃŃŃŃĐșŃĐžŃĐŒĐž ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃĐž, ĐżĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
ĐœĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐč Đž ĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐżĐŸĐ»Đ°ĐłĐ°Đ”ĐŒĐŸĐč ĐŽĐžŃĐșŃĐžĐŒĐžĐœĐ°ŃОО ĐČ ĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ°ŃŃĐž ĐżĐŸĐžŃĐșĐ° ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ. ĐŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐŸĐŽĐžĐ»ĐŸŃŃ ĐČ ĐșĐžŃĐ°ĐčŃĐșĐŸĐŒ ĐșŃĐ»ŃŃŃŃĐœĐŸĐŒ ĐșĐŸĐœŃĐ”ĐșŃŃĐ” (йаĐčĐČĐ°ĐœŃ) Ń ŃŃĐ°ŃŃĐžĐ”ĐŒ 301 ĐžĐœĐŸŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃŃŃĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐ° Оз ŃŃŃĐ°Đœ ĐźĐłĐŸ-ĐĐŸŃŃĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐč ĐзОО. ĐĐŸĐŽĐ”Đ»ĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃĐœŃŃ
ŃŃĐ°ĐČĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐč ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°Đ»ĐŸŃŃ ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐ”ŃĐșĐž ĐŒĐŸĐŽĐ”Đ»Đž ĐČĐ·Đ°ĐžĐŒĐŸŃĐČŃĐ·Đž ĐŒĐ”Đ¶ĐŽŃ ŃŃĐ”ĐŒŃ ĐżĐ”ŃĐ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐŒĐž ĐČ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐž. РДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ Đž ĐœĐ°ŃŃĐœĐ°Ń ĐœĐŸĐČĐžĐ·ĐœĐ°. РДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ ĐżĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·ŃĐČĐ°ŃŃ, ŃŃĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃŃ Ń Đ±ĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐŸĐč ŃŃĐ”ĐżĐ”ĐœŃŃ ĐČĐ”ŃĐŸŃŃĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐżŃДЎŃĐșĐ°Đ·ŃĐČĐ°Đ”Ń ĐżĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐ”ŃĐșОД ĐœĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ. ĐŃĐŸĐŒĐ” ŃĐŸĐłĐŸ, ĐŸĐœĐ° ŃĐ°ŃŃĐžŃĐœĐŸ ĐŸĐżĐŸŃŃДЎŃĐ”Ń ĐČлОŃĐœĐžĐ” ĐČĐŸŃĐżŃĐžĐœĐžĐŒĐ°Đ”ĐŒĐŸĐč ĐŽĐžŃĐșŃĐžĐŒĐžĐœĐ°ŃОО ĐœĐ° ĐżĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐ”ŃĐșОД ĐœĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ. ĐĐČŃĐŸŃŃ ĐżŃĐžĐŒĐ”ĐœĐžĐ»Đž ĐŒĐ”ŃĐŸĐŽ ĐșĐŸĐ»ĐžŃĐ”ŃŃĐČĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐžĐ·ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐșĐŸĐœŃĐžĐœĐłĐ”ĐœŃĐ° ĐžĐœĐŸŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃŃŃĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐŸĐČ, ĐŸ ĐșĐŸŃĐŸŃĐŸĐŒ ĐœĐ” ŃĐ°Đș ĐŒĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐŸĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ»ĐŸŃŃ ĐČ ĐżŃДЎŃĐŽŃŃĐžŃ
ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐ°Ń
. ĐŃŃŃĐœĐžĐ»ĐŸŃŃ, ŃŃĐŸ ĐČлОŃĐœĐžĐ” ĐșĐŸĐœŃĐ”ĐșŃŃŃĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐŸŃĐ° (ĐœĐ°ĐżŃĐžĐŒĐ”Ń, ĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐżĐŸĐ»Đ°ĐłĐ°Đ”ĐŒĐŸĐč ĐŽĐžŃĐșŃĐžĐŒĐžĐœĐ°ŃОО) ĐœĐ° ĐżĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐ”ŃĐșОД ĐœĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐČĐ»ŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ĐżŃŃĐŒŃĐŒ Đž ĐșĐŸŃĐČĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐŒ ĐżĐŸŃŃДЎŃŃĐČĐŸĐŒ ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃĐž. ĐŃĐ°ĐșŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐ°Ń Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐžĐŒĐŸŃŃŃ. РДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ ĐœĐ°ŃŃĐŸŃŃĐ”ĐłĐŸ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐŒĐŸĐłŃŃ Đ±ŃŃŃ ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœŃ ŃпДŃОалОŃŃĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐżĐŸĐČŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸŃŃŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃĐž Đž ĐżĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
ĐœĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐč ĐžĐœĐŸŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃŃŃĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐŸĐČ, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐșжД ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐŸĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐžĐŒ ĐżĐŸĐŒĐŸŃĐž ĐČ ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐž ĐŽĐžŃĐșŃĐžĐŒĐžĐœĐ°ŃОО ĐČ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃĐ” ĐżĐŸĐžŃĐșĐ° ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ.The authors would like to thank the students for their time and participation.ĐĐČŃĐŸŃŃ ĐČŃŃажаŃŃ Đ±Đ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ°ŃĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ŃŃŃĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐ°ĐŒ Đ·Đ° ŃĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœĐœĐŸĐ” ĐČŃĐ”ĐŒŃ Đž ŃŃĐ°ŃŃОД ĐČ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐž
Neurocognition and quality of life after reinitiating antiretroviral therapy in children randomized to planned treatment interruption
Objective: Understanding the effects of antiretroviral treatment (ART) interruption on neurocognition and quality of life (QoL) are important for managing unplanned interruptions and planned interruptions in HIV cure research. Design: Children previously randomized to continuous (continuous ART, n=41) vs. planned treatment interruption (PTI, n=47) in the Pediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 11 study were enrolled. At study end, PTI children resumed ART. At 1 and 2 years following study end, children were assessed by the coding, symbol search and digit span subtests of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (6-16 years old) or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ( 6517 years old) and by Pediatrics QoL questionnaires for physical and psychological QoL. Transformed scaled scores for neurocognition and mean standardized scores for QoL were compared between arms by t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. Scores indicating clinical concern were compared (<7 for neurocognition and <70 for QoL tests). Results: Characteristics were similar between arms with a median age of 12.6 years, CD4 + of 830 cells/\u3bcl and HIV RNA of 1.7 log 10 copies/ml. The median cumulative ART exposure was 9.6 in continuous ART vs. 7.7 years in PTI (P=0.02). PTI children had a median of 12 months off ART and had resumed ART for 25.2 months at time of first assessment. Neurocognitive scores were similar between arms for all tests. Physical and psychological QoL scores were no different. About 40% had low neurocognitive and QoL scores indicating clinical concern. Conclusion: No differences in information processing speed, sustained attention, short-term memory and QoL functioning were observed between children previously randomized to continuous ART vs. PTI in the PENTA 11 trial
Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies
Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42\ub74% vs 44\ub72%; absolute difference \u20131\ub769 [\u20139\ub758 to 6\ub711] p=0\ub767; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5\u20138] vs 6 [5\u20138] cm H2O; p=0\ub70011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30\ub75% vs 19\ub79%; p=0\ub70004; adjusted effect 16\ub741% [95% CI 9\ub752\u201323\ub752]; p<0\ub70001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0\ub780 [95% CI 0\ub775\u20130\ub786]; p<0\ub70001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding
Measurement of nuclear modification factors of gamma(1S)), gamma(2S), and gamma(3S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV
The cross sections for Ï(1S), Ï(2S), and Ï(3S) production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at âsNN = 5.02 TeV have been measured using the CMS detector at the LHC. The nuclear modification factors, RAA, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of yields for each state, are studied as functions of meson rapidity and transverse momentum, as well as PbPb collision centrality. The yields of all three states are found to be significantly suppressed, and compatible with a sequential ordering of the suppression, RAA(Ï(1S)) > RAA(Ï(2S)) > RAA(Ï(3S)). The suppression of Ï(1S) is larger than that seen at âsNN = 2.76 TeV, although the two are compatible within uncertainties. The upper limit on the RAA of Ï(3S) integrated over pT, rapidity and centrality is 0.096 at 95% confidence level, which is the strongest suppression observed for a quarkonium state in heavy ion collisions to date. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.Peer reviewe
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